海南长臂猿的猿食植物及主要种群的结构特征

Study on Edible Plants and Main Plant Population Structures in Distributed Area of Hylobates hainanus,Bawangling National Nature Reserve,Hainan Island,China

海南长臂猿主要觅食植物(猿食植物)已知有35科68种,以乔木树种为主,其中尤以桑科(Mora-ceae)和樟科(Lauraceae)树种为多。大部分猿食植物出现在海拔400～1 200 m之间,海拔超过1 200 m几乎很少有猿食植物出现,海拔低于400 m的猿食植物种类也较少。根据固定样地调查结果,原始林中的猿食植物种类最多,而退化地次生植被中则很少,不适合海南长臂猿的生存,必须对这类植被进行改造。对6个主要猿食植物的种群龄级结构分析,表明受人类干扰较大的物种呈不稳定的种群结构,而主要分布在原始林中的物种则呈正常增长型的种群结构。在退化地上人工种植猿食植物、恢复森林生态系统是保护和扩大海南长臂猿种群的主要手段。

Up to now there are about 68 edible plant species belonging to 35 families for Hainan Gibbon （Hylobates hainanus） had been monitored and recorded, of which the dominant species are trees, and the main species belongs to the families of Moraceae and Lauraceae. Most species are ranged from 400 m to 1 200 m in altitude, in contrast only a few species distributed below 400 m and upward 1 200 m above sea level. According to the data from 7 permanent sample plots, most of the edible plants for Hainan Gibbon occur in the primary forest while only about 10% plant species found in artificial forest, shrub or grass lands that belongs to degraded vegetation, so it＇s necessary to reconstruct the close nature forest on the degraded vegetation land, because the 6 main edible plant species for Hainan Gibbon performs the normal or growth population structure in the primary forest, this may be the best way to enlarge the habitat of the gibbons in Hainan Island.