中国养老保险制度变迁的原因分析

An Analysis of the Causes of China's Pension System Reform

中国养老保险制度变迁的过程是在中国经济发展变革的大背景下发生的,它已成为中国经济体制改革的一个具体案例。中国养老保险制度的变迁过程呈现出"边学边干"、效率取向、阶段性发展等一般特征,这些特征都与经济发展变革和行政利益因素有关。保险制度作为政府的一项独立的社会保障制度安排,它的变迁和整个制度环境中的其他制度变革,如经济体制改革、国有企业改革、财税制度改革等密切相关。在变迁的进程中,不论是纵向上中央政府和地方政府间的利益分歧,还是横向上不同政府部门间的利益分歧,都对养老保险制度的改革产生巨大的影响。目前,我国应推动建立统一的养老保险制度,在此过程中,省级统筹成为当前改革最迫切的努力方向。同时,中国养老保险制度应建立以法治为基础的体系来代替现行不规范的制度形式。

The change of China＇s pension system （ CPS） has taken place in the context of China＇ s economic development and reform. It can be taken as a concrete case of China＇s reform of its economic structure. The change of CPS is characterized by three features, i.e. ＂trial and error＂, efficiency-orientation and one-step-at-a time progress, all of which are related to economic development and administrative interest. Insurance system is part and parcel of the central government＇ s independent package of social security. Its change is closely related with reforms of other systems, such as reforms of economic institutions, reforms of state-owned enterprises and reforms of financial and tax systems. In the process of these changes, both the conflicts of interest between the central and local governments and the conflicts of interest between different governmental departments have a significant impact on the reform of CPS. It is argued that efforts must be made to establish a unified CPS, and that unified planning at the provincial level must be taken as an urgent task. Meanwhile, CPS must be founded on legal systems rather than the current sub-standardized institutions.