《次北固山下》的公信度研究

On the Credibility of "Cibeigu Mount"

细读自张说、殷璠以来至今人傅璇琮、袁行霈等的七则权威性诗话,以确证《次北固山下》一诗具有难以伦比的"公信度",从而认定此诗在文学史上的卓绝意义和特殊地位。从审美接受上来考察,历朝历代的文坛巨擘对此诗多评价甚高,极言此诗出现的不同寻常的意义,尤其对"海日生残夜,江春入旧年"联怀有特殊的好感,在各种特殊场合反复引用,借以描述开元盛世的社会现实,或概括新生事物欣欣向荣的形势,或用以描述或象征文学现象。从对此诗评价的权威性、看好的久远性,以及此诗自身的艺术象征性来观照和考论,王湾此诗有"孤篇横绝,竟为大家"的评价确不为过;而以"王湾体"来概括命名盛唐诗,似乎也是顺理成章的。

This paper illustrates in detail seven authoritative comments by Zhuang Shuo, Yin Pan, Yuan Xingpei etc. to affirm the ＂credibility＂ of ＂Cibeigu Mount＂, in an effort to solidify the significance and special status of this poem. From the aspect of readers＂ response, historically important literary figures all lavished praises on this poem and quoted its certain lines frequently to describe the prosperity of social life, convey the energy of nature and symbolize literary phenomena. From the perspectives of its criticisms and lasting aesthetic views, it is natural that it is deemed as the representative poem of Tang Dynasty at its most prosperous moments.