甘肃省2000——2008年麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Gansu During 2000—2008

目的了解甘肃省2000—2008年麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹工作提供科学依据。方法对2000—2008年麻疹发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果甘肃省2000—2008年平均发病率为7.96/10万。发病地区性差异显著,发病数东部、中部地区高于西部地区。发病以小年龄组儿童为主,15岁以下儿童发病数占发病总数的75.33%,近年来0～岁组和≥15岁组发病比例上升明显。无免疫史的占26.84%,接种1剂次的占19.04%,接种2剂次及以上的占10.43%,免疫史不详的占43.69%。每年3～5月为麻疹发病高峰。发病呈散发和局部暴发并存的状态。结论甘肃省麻疹发病有周期性规律,儿童麻疹疫苗接种率低,易感人群积累是发病的主要原因。小月龄儿童和≥15岁成人发病比例增加给消除麻疹工作带来新的挑战。应进一步加强麻疹疫苗常规免疫,并且适时开展麻疹疫苗的强化免疫,加强疫情监测,控制麻疹暴发。

OBJECTIVE In order to know the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Gansu during 2000--2008 and provide scientific basis for the measles elimination. METHODS Analyzing the measles data during 2000--2008 by epidemiological description. RESULTS The reported annual average incidence rate of measles was 7.96/105 in Gansu during 2000--2008. The measles cases are higher in eastern and middle provinces than western provinces. The majority of cases occurred in Tittle children and the proportions of measles cases of below 15 years old were 75.33%.The proportions of the number of measles cases aged 0 years old and beyond 15 years old show an increasing trend in recent years. The proportions of 1 dose vaccine, ≥ 2 doses vaccine, no immunization and unknown were 19.04%, 10.43%,26.84% and 43.69% respectively, The prevalence seasons of measles were from March to May. The cases of outbreak were 26.36% and the numbers of outbreak cases influence the amounts of total cases. CONCLUSIONS The low coverage of MV and the unvaccinated people accumulating were the main cause of high measles incidence in Gansu. The increasing proportions of the number of little month age child cases and beyond 15 years old adult cases are the new challenges in the course of elimination measles. We should strengthen routine vaccination further and conduct MV supplementary immunization activities in good time. In addition, we should strengthen measles surveillance and control measles outbreak.