点源有机毒物污(废)水排放的生态风险管理技术分析

Ecological risk assessment technology for point sources of organic toxicants from industrial and municipal effluents

我国目前普遍采用COD、BOD等宏观污染控制指标监控点源污染,缺乏针对污(废)水中痕量有毒物质尤其是有机毒物实施有效的管理与控制。基于此,在评述了全废水试验(WET)、毒性鉴别评价(TIE)和毒性削减评价(TRE)3种宏观分析技术在美国、英国等国家生态风险评价与管理中的研究历史及发展近况的基础上,简要分析了一些发达国家应用(Q)SAR数学模型和分子生态毒理学两种微观评估方法对有机毒物实施有效控制的情况,建议我国应该加强面向点源有机毒物污(废)水排放的生态风险管理的技术与政策研究。

The control of point source pollution generally depends on macro-control discharge standards in China,such as COD and BOD. However,these indicators can not effectively regulate the discharges containing trace toxicants,especially trace organic toxicants. Hence,the progress of three macro analysis technologies is reviewed in this paper. These technologies include whole effluents toxicity （WET）, toxicity identification evaluation （TIE） and toxicity reduce evaluation （TRE）,which have been used in the field of ecological risk evaluation and management in USA,UK and so on. Furthermore,the application of （Q）SAR mathematical models and molecular ecotoxicology in some developed countries, which are two effective micro evaluation methods for organic toxicants,are also analyzed. Finally,some useful suggestions to enhance study on technology and policy for the ecological risk management of point source effluent in China are proposed.