病理生理教学中若干问题的实验探讨

Discussion on some problems in the experiment teaching of pathophysiology

目的明确病理生理学实验教学中的若干问题,使实验设计和解释更为合理。方法①通过输入蒸馏水和任氏液配制的不同浓度的白蛋白溶液,观察对蟾蜍下肢水肿标本重量及外观变化的影响。②在大量静脉输入生理盐水的基础上,分别加输0.15-0.45mg/kg的肾上腺素,观察家兔的血压、心率、肺系数和病理改变等指标的变化。结果①输入蒸馏水配制的接近生理浓度的白蛋白溶液,标本重量继续增加、外观肿胀;任氏液配制的相同浓度白蛋白溶液则使标本重量减轻、外观皱缩。②在加用肾上腺素促进肺水肿的过程中,家兔血压呈现先升高后下降及心率减慢的现象。结论①血浆胶体渗透压虽在血管内外液体交换中起重要作用,但需要有一定的晶体渗透压作为前提条件。②使用0.15-0.45mg/kg剂量的肾上腺素复制家兔肺水肿动物模型的主要机制在于其使皮肤、内脏的血液分布到肺脏,加重肺淤血。

Objective To clarify some problems in the experimental teaching of pathophysiology and make the design of experiment and the explanation for experimental results more reasonable. Methods （1）After infusing the different concentrations of albumin solution separately dissolved in distilled water and Ren＇ s solution, the changes of specimen weight and appearance were observed. （2）Based on the venous infusion of massive normal saline,0.15 -0.45 mg/kg adrenalin was infused, and then the variances of BP, heart rate, lung coefficient and pathological changes were observed. Results （1）After infusing the physiological concentration of albumin in distilled water, the specimen weight increased, and appearance was swollen. The specimen weight decreased after infusing albumin solution with corresponding concentration,which was dissolved in the Ren＇ s solution,and its appearance became crimpy. （2）During the process of adrenalin inducing pulmonary edema in rabbits, blood pressure first increased and then decreased, while heart rate decreased. Conclusion The results indicate that the plasma colloid osmotic pressure plays an important role in the fluid exchange between two sides of the blood vessels based on the premise that there is a certain crystal osmotic pressure. When the dose of adrenalin is lower than 0.5 mg/kg, the main mechanism of adrenalin inducing rabbit pulmonary edema is to contract the vessels of the skin and internal organs and to transfer more blood into lungs.