麻疯树果实发育阶段划分与性状变化动态

The Stage Classification of Fruit Development of Jatropha curcas Trees and the Dynamics of their Feature Changes

果实和种子性状变化与果实发育阶段存在明显的关系。本文在已有的麻疯树果实阶段划分基础上,把青果期进一步依照胚胎形态和种子形态,划分为小果实期、幼果期、皱果期和圆果期,这些阶段涵盖了果实发育的一般性阶段,而黄果期、褐果期和干果期则明显仅具有水分含量和颜色变化物理变化属性。进一步分析表明,小果实、幼果、皱果阶段为果实发育模型的I期,圆果期为Ⅱ期。麻疯树果实发育时表现为果壳先发育,种子填充后发育,长度先发育而宽度后发育的特点。定量分析表明,果实和种子性状与发育阶段之间呈现三次多项式模型,都出现了尾部下降(种子宽度例外)。此外,结籽率也明显影响了果实宽度发育和鲜重,对种子长度和宽度没有影响,但存在种子腰围变胖的现象。

There was an obvious relationship between the feature changes and the stage of fruit and seed development. Based on the fruit development stage of Jatropha curcas trees reported before, this paper classified the stage of green fruits as stages of little fruits, young fruits, crepe fruits and round fruits including the three stages of yellow fruits, brown fruits and dry fruits, which were components of the whole fruit development process and phase of Jatropha curcas trees. Biomass measurement indicated that yellow fruit, brown fruit and dry fruit phases only reflected the physical changes with a change of moisture and colour. Further analysis demonstrated that the phases of little fruits, young fruits, crepe fruits belonged to phase Ⅰ, and the phase of round fruits belonged to phase Ⅱ of fruit development,which implied that the fruit shell developed firstly, and then seeds did, with a eharacteristic that the length firstly developed, then the width did. Quantity analysis indicated that there appeared three-time multinomial models between fruit and seed development and those models displayed decreased changes in the tail （with the exception of seed width）. Additionally, the seed ratio also affected the fruit width and wet weight, without affecting the seed length and width, but influence on the seed depth happened.