测土配方施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量及效益的影响

Effects of Formulation Application on Nutrition Absorption,Yield and Benefit of Maize

通过田间试验,探讨了测土配方施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,测土配方施肥可促进玉米对养分的吸收利用,每形成100 kg玉米籽粒需要吸收N 1.95 kg、P2O51.10 kg、K2O1.94 kg,玉米吸收N、P、K的比例约为1∶0.56∶1;农民习惯性常规施肥比测土配方施肥平均减产51.2 kg/667m2,减产幅度达9.30%,比测土配方施肥平均纯收益减少62.0元/667m2;本试验条件下,氮、磷、钾对玉米产量都有影响,影响程度为钾>氮>磷。因此,在测土配方施肥技术推广中,应重视推荐配方肥的氮磷钾比例,改变农民重氮肥、轻钾肥的施肥习惯,适当加大钾肥的施用量,才能获得玉米的高产。

The field experiment of maize was on its nutrition absorption, yield and benefit. carried out to study the effects of formulation application The results showed that formulation application could promote its nutrition absorption and utilization, 100 kg maize grain yield needed 1.95 kg N, 1.10kg P2O5 and 1.94kg K2O and the absorption proportion of N, P and K was 1 ： 0.56 ： 1, the yield and benefit under the traditional application pattern was meanly 51. 2 kg/667m^2 and 62.0 Yuan/667m^2 lower than the yield and benefit under formulation application pattern and its yield reduction range was up to 9.30 %. N, P and K all have the effect on maize yield under the testing condition and the effect degree was K〉 N〉 P. Therefore, rationally increasing K application amount is beneficial to raising maize yield in popularization of formulation application.