苜蓿切叶蜂在呼和浩特市地区为苜蓿授粉的研究

Study on Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee Pollination for Alfalfa in Hohhot.

苜蓿切叶蜂是为苜蓿授粉最有效的昆虫。１９９７年，我们从黑龙江省林甸县引进苜蓿切叶蜂在呼和浩特市地区于苜蓿花期进行了授粉研究。结果表明，苜蓿切叶蜂在２９～３０℃、相对湿度６０％～７０％和通风良好的条件下孵化最为适宜；放蜂后第７ｄ出现封孔现象，封孔高峰出现在开始封孔的第８ｄ，雌蜂做巢集中在放蜂后的１５ｄ内；放蜂田种子产量比对照田增产５７．２％，种子产量与苜蓿至蜂箱的距离呈负相关性。异花授粉在种子结实率、千粒重、每荚籽粒数、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等方面均高于自花授粉。

Leafcutter bee is the most efficient pollinator for alfalfa seed production. In this paper pollination by leafcutter bees for alfalfa was reported in Hohhot. The results showed that 29～30℃ at 60%～70% RH was the optimum condition for the hatching of leafcutter bees. A 57.2% incerase in alfalfa seed yield was achieved by the pollination of leafcutter bees. Seed yield was negatively associated with the distance between the seed field and the beehive. Cross-pollinated alfalfa by leafcutter bee had higher seed setting percentage, higher 1000-seed weight, higher seeds/pod, higher germination rate and high seed vigor than the self-pollinated alfalfa plants.