生物地理学的新认识及其方法在多样性保护中的应用

NEW TRENDS IN BIOGEOGRAPHY AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOGEOGRAPHICAL APPROACHES IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

近年来,众多分子证据和古生物学证据的出现促进了对生物地理学领域一些关键问题(如,扩散和隔离)的理解,并达成了较为统一的认识:1)扩散和隔离都是解释生物地理学格局的重要假说,并可能同时影响了生物的分布格局;2)历史生物地理学和生态生物地理学不是截然割裂的,两者结合起来有助于从不同层次上理解生物地理和生物多样性格局;3)不同的生物地理学研究方法应相互补充以揭示复杂的生物地理过程。学科思想的演变也使得生物地理学研究内容发生变化,本文还综述了当今生物地理学所关注的科学问题,并重点论述了生物地理学方法在生物多样性保护中的应用。

Recently, rapid accumulation of molecular and paleontological evidences increase our understanding of some key points （e.g. dispersal vicariance） in biogeography, and certain consensus appear to be achieved： 1） both dispersal and vicariance are important processes that modify the biogeographical patterns; 2） integration of historical and ecological biogeography will finally contribute to understand biogeographical and biodiversity patterns at different spatial and temporal levels; 3） different approaches in biogeography are complementary rather than opposed to reveal complicated biogeographical processes. This paper also summarizes the scientific issues the current biogeography focuses on, with an emphasis on the applications of biogeographical approaches in biodiversity conservation.