玛纳斯河下游绿洲土地利用变化对水资源利用的影响

Influence of Land Use on Water Resource Use in the Manasi River Basin

为探究人类活动对于早区玛纳斯河流域耗水规律的影响，选取玛纳斯河流域下游莫索湾绿洲为研究区域，以1990年、2000年和2007年的TM影像数据为基础，采用GIS空间分析技术计算了景观斑块的转移矩阵，分析了研究区下游土地利用的时空变化特征，并结合该流域历史水资源的利用状况分析了其土地利用变化与水资源分配之间的关系。结果表明，研究区内景观面积最大的是耕地，约占45．08％，其次为沙地和荒地，约占43．14％；各种景观在1990-2007年都发生了较大变化，其中草地的缩减最大，其次为林地，而增加最大的是荒地和沙地，其次为耕地。这表明玛纳斯河流域土地利用的变化致使其需水结构在向耗水的方向变化，因此，改善土地利用方式对提高玛纳斯河流域水资源的利用效率具有重要意义。

The change in land-use would lead to that in the structure of water resource use. In order to analyze the interaction between land-use and water resource assignment, the Manasi River Basin, a typical oasis in arid areas,has been chosen as the study area. Based on TM data in 1990,2000 and 2007 in this area,the land-use change in 18 years has been analyzed through calculating the transfer matrix of landscape patches using GIS. Also, the change in water resource use and requirement structure has been analyzed based on the water resource supply and industrial structure. The results show that the cropland occupies 45.08%, the sand and saline land occupies 43.14%. Most landscapes have changed greatly from 1990 to 2007. The largest one is grassland whose area has reduced,and the second one is forestland. The change in land use let the water requirement increase little by little. The contradiction between supply and demanding will become more and more serious . It has an important meaning for the regional water resource assignment and industrial adjust to oasis area.