人类白细胞抗原-E在正常妊娠、妊娠期高血压及子痫前期绒毛或蜕膜组织中的表达

Expression of human leukocyte antigen-E in healthy pregnant women and women with gestational hypertension or preeclampia

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原-E（human leukocyte antigen-E，HLA-E）在正常妊娠、妊娠期高血压和子痫前期绒毛或蜕膜组织中的表达与意义。方法选择早、晚期正常妊娠及妊娠期高血压、轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期患者各6例，应用免疫组化法分别检测HLA-E在绒毛及蜕膜的表达。结果HLA—E在早、晚期正常妊娠细胞滋养细胞和合体滋养细胞中的表达均较弱（分别为0．246±0．031和0．252±0．045，t=2．85，P〉0．05）；而在侵入蜕膜的绒毛外滋养细胞和腺上皮细胞中强表达，且在妊娠晚期的表达较早期增强（0．308±0．057和0．270±0．035，t=3．79，P〈0．05）。在正常足月妊娠、妊娠期高血压、轻度子痫前期及重度子痫前期绒毛的平均吸光度分别为0．252±0．045、0．227±0．032、0．210±0．019和0．214±0．023（F=13．18，P〈0．05）；而在上述各组蜕膜中表达的平均吸光度分别为0．308±0．057、0．211±0．017、0．196±0．013和0．187±0．014（F=33．91，P〈0．05）。HLA-E在妊娠期高血压、轻度子痫前期和重度子痫前期绒毛和蜕膜的表达分别与正常足月妊娠比较，均显著减少（P均〈0．05）。结论HLA-E的表达在正常妊娠早期可能与胚胎植入有关，在晚期参与妊娠的维持，而在妊娠期高血压及子痫前期中的低表达可能与该疾病的发生有关。

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of human leukocyte antigen-E （HLA-E） protein in normal and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Methods Women in normal first, or third trimester pregnancy, or suffered from gestational hypertension, mild or severe preeclampsia were recruited （n= 6 for each group）. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of HLA-E protein in villi or decidua in all samples. Results In normal first and third trimester pregnancy, HLA-E was weakly expressed （0. 246 ±0. 031 and 0. 252±0. 045, t= 2.85, P〉0.05） in all villus of trophoblasts, including cytotrophohlast and syncytiotrophoblast, but was highly expressed in the extravillous trophoblast invading to the decidua and glandular epithelium. Moreover, HLA-E expression was significantly increased in the third trimester when compared with the first trimester （0.308±0.057 vs 0.270±0. 035, t=3.79, P〈0. 05）. However, HLA-E expression was obviously decreased in both vill and decidua of gestational hypertension, mild or severe preeclampsia in contrast to normal pregnant women （villi： 0. 227±0. 032, 0. 210±0. 019 and 0. 214±0. 023 vs 0. 252±0. 045, F=13.18, P〈0.05, respectively; decidua： 0. 211±0. 017,0. 196±0. 013 and 0.187±0.014 vs 0.308±0.057, F=33.91, P〈0.05, respectively）. Conclusions The expression of HLA-E might be involved in embryo implantation in the first trimester, and in maintaining the pregnancy in the third trimester. The decreased expression of HLA-E might be associated with the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.