纯方位跟踪中最优轨线的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors on the optimal observer trajectory in bearings-only tracking

针对常加速目标跟踪的最优观测者轨迹问题,基于最优控制理论建立最优观测者轨迹的优化模型,然后运用解析法得到全局精度指标下常速率观测者最优航向的必要条件,通过仿真讨论目标加速度、观测者速率、目标与观测者的初始距离、目标航向对最优观测者轨迹的影响。仿真结果表明,当目标从近处以较小加速度作接近观测者的运动时,观测者的最优轨迹较光滑;为对常加速目标进行精确跟踪,观测者应沿最优轨迹作高速率的机动。

The optimization of an observer trajectory when the observer tracks a constant acceleration target is taken into account. First, optimal control theory is applied to establish the optimal trajectory model of an observer. Second, at the global range accuracy criterion, necessary conditions for the optimal observer course are resolved by analytical means. Finally, the influences of speed of the observer, acceleration of targets, relative target initialization range, and target course on the optimal observer trajectory are discussed by simulation. Simulation results show that the optimal observer trajectory is almost smooth when near targets approach the observer at small acceleration and the observer should maneuver at high speed along the optimal trajectory for the sake of tracking constant acceleration targets accurately.