导苗管式栽植机的试验研究(Ⅳ) 玉米机械化育苗移栽的经济性分析

Study on the Transplanter With Chute and Seedling Aid Springs (PART IV) Economic Analysis of the Mechanization of Maize Seedling Transplantation

以半自动导苗管式栽植机移栽夏玉米裸苗的田间生产性试验结果为基础，分析了玉米机械化育苗移栽的生产效率、育苗费用、移栽费用和增产效益，确定了机械化移栽的最小经济规模和盈亏平衡点。结果表明，采用６行导苗管式栽植机移栽夏玉米裸苗时，每公顷能比同期免耕覆盖种植的夏玉米增产５６５８ｋｇ，增收４５２４元，具有明显的经济效益。但是，半自动导苗管式栽植机仍然存在需要人工过多、机械移栽成本高于人工移栽成本的问题，只有当移栽面积达到１２ｈｍ２以上，两者的移栽成本才接近。

The economy of transplanting maize seedlings is a decisive factor to extend the technique of transplanting maize seedling in China. An illustration using the Transplanter with chute and seedling aid springs to transplant summer corn seedlings was given in this paper. Based on that, the cost of breeding seedlings and transplanting was analyzed and the income due to the transplantation of maize seedlings was calculated. The results show that the transplantation of maize seedlings can increase the yield of 5658 kg per hectare as compared with the summer corn sowing on the non tilled field. The operation with the semi automatic transplanter, however, still needs more labour power and cost than that by hand transplantation. Only transplanting area is larger than 12 hectare, both expensive by semi automatic transplanter and by hand are equal approximately.