疙瘩开沟器减粘降阻机理及试验研究

Mechanism of Reducing Soil Adhesion and Drag Resistance of Lumpy Furrow Opener

减粘降阻是改善开沟器工作性能的方法之一。根据表面改形和表面改性可减粘降阻的原理，设计出多种表面改形且表面改性的疙瘩开沟器。在含水量１２．９％～２８．１％范围内进行了试验。土壤含水量为１２．９％时，开沟器出现粘土现象；土壤含水量为２２％时，开沟器的粘土现象最严重，土壤含水量为２８．１％时，开沟器的粘土现象有所减弱。开沟器的牵引阻力随着土壤含水量的增加而增加，土壤含水量超过２２．０％时，开沟器牵引阻力有所下降。牵引阻力随开沟器牵引速度增加而增加，然后出现下降趋势。在牵引速度为７ｋｍ／ｈ时，牵引阻力最大。研究结果表明，Ａ０４２、Ａ１３２不锈钢焊条堆焊的疙瘩开沟器具有显著的减粘降阻效果。

One of the methods to improve performance of furrow opener is to reduce soil adhesion and drag resistance. Considering the principle to reduce soil adhesion and drag resistance by surface modification and topography reform, several kinds of furrow openers were designed. The test covered the range of soil moisture content from 12.9 %(d.b) to 28.1 %(d.b). The drag resistance increases and then decreases as the soil moisture content increases. When the soil moisture content is 12.9 %(d.b), the surface of furrow openers begins to adhere to soil. When the soil moisture content is 22.0 %(d.b), much soil adheres to the surfaces of furrow openers. When the soil moisture content is 28.1 % (d.b), soil adhesion on the surface of furrow openers tends to decrease. The relationship between the resistance and the speed of furrow openers was also investigated: when the speed of furrow openers is smaller than 7 km/h, the drag resistance increases as the speed of furrow openers increases, when the speed of furrow openers is larger than 7 km/h, the drag resistance tends to decrease. The results show that A042 and A132 rod welding furrow openers reduce the soil adhesion and the drag resistance effectively.