朝阳市某专科学校新生乙肝疫苗接种情况调查分析

Analysis of hb vaccine vaccination and immunity effect among the freshemn in chaoyang university

目的了解辽宁省朝阳市师范高等专科学校3年制大专2008届1475名新入校学生乙肝疫苗的接种情况,为有针对性的制定乙肝预防控制策略提供依据。方法选择2008届3年制大专新入校的1475名学生作为研究对象,进行乙肝疫苗接种情况问卷调查和乙肝两对半检查;对HBV5项指标(HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗HBc)检查均为阴性、肝功能检查为正常的新生按照"0、1、6"方案,进行乙肝疫苗接种。对1个月后检测抗-HBs为阴性的学生,实施增加剂量(10μg/ml)按照"0、1、2"方案进行接种,并对接种效果进行统计分析。结果1475名新入校学生的乙肝疫苗接种率为74.03%,HBsAg阳性率为5.67%。420名新生疫苗初次接种1个月后,抗-HBs阳转率为76.43%,男生与女生阳转率差别不显著(P>0.05)。对检验抗-HBs为阴性的99名新生,采取增加剂量第2次复,阳转率为100%。在问卷调查中,部分新生对乙肝的危害认识不够,缺乏自觉接种的意识。结论乙肝疫苗接种是防止HBV感染的有效方法,疫苗复种是目前有效,切实可行的解决乙肝疫苗无应答问题的手段。

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of hepatitis B vaccine among the freshmen of three-years and the immunity effect after vaccination, and to provide reference for further prevention and control. Methods 1475 freshmen of three-years were collected, and investigated about hepatitis B vaccinated, and detected the the marker（HBsAg,anti-HBS, HBeAg anti-HBe and Anti-HBc） of hepatitis B; the five targets of HBV were showed to be negative, and normal liver function were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine by using 0,1, and 6 months schemes, if freshmen with the negative anti-HBs at the time of one month were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine in large doses by using 0, 1, and 2-months schemes. Results Among 1475 freshmen, the rate of hepatitis B vaccinated was 74. 03 %. After the primary vaccinated for one month, the conversion rate of anti-HBs positive was 76.43% , and no significant difference was found between the conversion rates of males and females（χ^2 = 1.19 P 〉 0. 05 ）. For freshmen with negative anti-HBs, we used the second fullcourse immunization with large dose, and the conversion rate of positive anti-HBs was 100%. Conclusion The hepatitis B vaccination is the best effective way of preventing HBV infection, and the rcvaccination of vaccine is effective and practical way for solving the non-response hepatitis B vaccine.