分子生物学手段在植物系统与进化研究中的应用

MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION

在植物系统与进化研究中，为了揭示真实本质，必须从分子水平进行研究。植物分子系统学的研究包括两大方面，一是蛋白质与酶，二是核酸。酶电泳是分子水平上研究植物分子遗传学最经济有效的方法，可以有效地揭示自然居群中遗传结构、基因流动、变化系统、选择作用和系统发育等问题。植物核酸系统学的研究倍受青睐，因为核酸分子是最基本的进化单元，几乎不受主观因素影响。相关的核酸分析技术主要有：ＤＮＡ杂交、ＤＮＡ限制酶谱分析、ＲＦＬＰ分析、ＤＮＡ指纹图技术、ＲＡＰＤ分析和核酸序列分析。在植物系统学和进化研究中，结合各方面的生物学证据，才能显示植物分子系统学的独特优势。

In plant systemetics and evolution research,studies must be in molecular level in order to reveal the objective law. Plant molecular systematic studies include proteins,enzyme and nucleic acid studies. Enzyme electrophoresis is the most economical and effective method of studying plant molecular genetics,it effectively reveals genetic strusture,gene flow,mating systems,selection,systematic development and et al. of nature populations. The study of plant nucleic acid systematics has been followed with interest,because nucleic acid molecule is the most basic evolutional unit,it is not influenced by subjective factors. The main nucleic acid analyzing techniques of the study,are DNA hybridization,DNA restriction mapping,RELP,DNA fingerprinting,RAPD and nucleotide sequence analyses. In plant systematics and evolution research, only by connect with many biological evidences, can plant molecular systematics show its own superiority. 