人工诱导异源四倍体、新四倍体及异源三倍体白鲫的细胞遗传学研究

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES ON THE ARTIFICIAL INDUCED ALLOTETRAPLOID,ALLOTRIPLOID,NEW TETRAPLOID AND THEIR PARENTS ──JPCC,RCC AND ITS HYBRIDS

作者比较了第一代异源四倍体鱼、异源三倍体鱼、新四倍体鱼与亲本白鲫、红鲫及其杂交一代的染色体组型。三种亲本的二倍体染色体数均为100，但其组型分组各有差异，白鲫染色体组型公式：12m＋36sm＋32st十20t,NF＝148，在亚中着丝点组中有一对特大的标记染色体；红鲫染色体组型：20m＋34sm＋26st＋20t,NF＝154；白鲫×红鲫杂种染色体组型：16m＋35sm＋29st＋20t,NF＝151，有一条与白鲫相似的特大标记染色体，证实其组型由白鲫和红鲫各提供一套染色体组组成。异源三倍体的染色体数为150，是亲本的1.5倍，染色体组型是：22m＋53sm＋45st＋30t,NF＝225，在亚中着丝点组中有一对特大标记染色体，表明异源三倍体的染色体组型含有两套白鲫染色体组和一套红鲫染色体组。第一代异源四倍体和新四倍体鱼染色体数目为其亲本的2倍，4n＝200。前者的染色体组型为：32m＋70sm＋58st＋40t,NF＝302，一对与白鲫相似的特大标记染色体明显可见，证明其染色体组型由白鲫和红鲫各提供两套染色体组。新四倍体的染色体组组型为：28m＋71sm＋61st＋40t,NF＝299，分裂相中三条特大的标记染色体较明显，推测其染色体组型由三套白鲫染色体组和一套红鲫染色体组组成。结果表明：第一代异源四倍体。

The karyotypes of the first generation allotetraploid. allotriploid. new tetraploid and their parents-Japanese Phytophagous Crucian Carp (JPCC), Red Crucian Carp (RCC)were comparatively studied in this paper. Three parent fishes have the same diploid chromosome number of 100, but their karyotypes are differences in detail.The karyotype formula of JPCC (C. auratus cuvieri T. et S) is 12m + 36sm + 32st + 20t, NF =148,there are one pair longest mark chromosomes in the submetacentric group. The karyotype formula of RCC (C. auratus red var.) is 20m + 34sm + 26st + 20t, NF= 154. The karyotype formuls of the hybrid fish (JPCC ×RCC) is 16m + 35sm + 29st + 20t, NF =151. There is one longest mark chromosome similar to those of JPCC. It is a certificate that the karyotype of hybrid fish consists of one chromosome set from JPCC and the other chromosome set from RCC. The chromosome number of allotriploid (4N ♂ × 2N JPCC♀) was found to be 150. It is 1.5 bines more than that of their parents. The karyotype formula of allotriploid is 22m + 53sm+ 45st+ 30t. One pair longest mark chromosomes in the submetacentric group demonstrated that the allotriploid karyotype was composed of two JPCC chromosome sets and one RCC chromosome set. The chromosome number of the first generation allotraploid and new tetraploid is 2 times more than that of their parent species, 4n = 200. The karyotype formula of the first generation allotriploid is 32m + 70sm + 58st+ 40t, One pair longest mark chromosomes similar to those of JPCC were observed obviously. It confirms that the karyotype of the first generation allotetraploid comprises two chromosome sets of both JPCC and RCC Although the new tetraploid chromosome had not determined precisely,but three longest mark chromosome of JPCC in submetaphase chromosome had been observed obviously. Supposing its the karyotype of new tetraploid consists of 3 JPCC chromosome sets and 1 RCC chromosome set, It's karyotype formula is 28m + 71sm +61st+ 40t, The results confirmed the relationship and ploidy relation between the first generation allotetraploid, allotriploid, new tetraploid and their 3 parental species.