一个海洋食物链能流的初步研究

Energy flow in a marine food chain.

选择我国北方海岸带水域中属于第一、二、三、四营养级的４个经济种，构成一个简单的人工食物链，即金藻→卤虫→玉筋鱼→黑鱼君．测定了各营养级间物质（湿重、干重）、能量的转换效率，求出了食物链各环节的生产量比值．结果表明，在这个食物链运转过程中，生产１ｋｇ湿重的黑鱼君（第四营养级）需要消耗相当于初级生产力２３５．２ｋｇ湿重的金藻（第一营养级）；生产１ｋｇ干重的黑鱼君需要消耗相当于１４８．３ｋｇ干重的金藻；黑鱼君富集１ｋＪ能量需要消耗含有１１０．７ｋＪ的金藻．

Four commercial species belonged to the first, second, third and fourth trophic levels in the waters of northern China seacoast were selected to form an artificial food chain, that is, Isochrysis galbana→Artemia salina→Ammodytes personatus→Sebastes fuscescens . Estimations on the conversion efficiencies of substance (fresh and dry weight) and energy among different trophic levels show that in the operation of the food chain, producing 1kg fresh S. fuscescens needed a consumption of primary productivity of 235.2kg fresh I. galbana , producing 1kg dry weight S. fuscescens needed 148.3kg dry weight I. galbana and accumulating 1kJ energy by S. fuscescens needed a consumption of 110.7 kJ energy in I. galbana .