流域生态学研究内容的整体表述

EXPRESSION AS A WHOLE OF RESEARCH CONTENT OF THE WATERSHED

流域，作为一个在自然地理方面有着频繁的物质、能量交换，普遍存在因果关系的特殊区域，其经济开发日益受到人们的重视。长江流域最大的特点是丰富的水资源。但水体常作为不透明的、异质的嵌块在景观地图上被描绘，而水体科学家不常借用景观生态学的工具和概念解释它们。因为淡水生态系统格局很难被看到（多一个水的介质、可视的格局也很短暂），而且淡水是陆地海洋的“生境岛屿”（空间上断裂、功能上隔离）。也由于水生态系统的脆弱性（易受岸上周边地区包括生命活动和自然过程的影响），仅仅研究水体本身是不够的。故从更高的层次研究水体，将视野从水体扩大到汇水区域（对静水水体而言），或流域（对流水水体而言），将其视为一个生态系统（即流域生态系统）进行研究，探讨水、陆之间的斑块镶嵌及能流、物流和信息流的关系，是现代生态学研究的必然趋势。流域生态学不同于景观生态学，是淡水生态学、系统生态学和景观生态学间的一个交叉学科，且在研究过程中尚需借鉴计算机科学和非线性科学的理论和方法。本文以长江流域为对象，探讨流域生态学理论与实践的几个问题，为长江流域资源、环境与社会经济可持续发展研究提供一种新的思路。

Wastershed is a special region which has frequent matter and energy exchange and universal causality in the respect of physical geography.People attach importance to its economic development increasingly.Different from else region,the maximum characteristics of watershed are abundant water resource.However water area has not been studied on the aids of tools and concepts of landscape ecology by scientists in this area instead been discripted as an unclear and inhabit pitchiness on landscape maps.It is not very well only to study water area itself,because the structure of freshwater ecosystem is difficult to be observed(for additional medium,water and short lasting visual structure),freshwater is a “habitant island”of land ocean(for space seperation and function asolation)and water ecosystem is fragile(easy to be affected by environment around including life action and natural process).For this reason,it is necessary to study water area in a higher level,consider catchment(for lentic habitat)or watershed(for lotic habitat),and regard water area as an ecosystem(watershed ecosystem).To probe into the relationship of patchiness with energy flow,matter flow and information flow,and developing research of watershed ecology is a necessary tendency of modern ecology.Watershed ecology,not alike landscape ecology,is an intersect discipline of freshwater ecology,systems ecology and landscape ecology.Computer science and non linear science should be used for reference in the process of studying on watershed ecology.Take the Yangtze River watershed as the object of study,the article studies serveral issues in theory and practice watershed ecology and put forward a new thought about resources,environment and development of society economy in the Yangtze River watershed.