中国特有小麦中杂种黄化基因Chl和提型胞质育性恢复基因的分布研究

Studies on the distribution of hybrid chlorosis Chl gene and the T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes in Chinese endemic wheats

本研究以Ｔ型不育系ＱＡ１１０４（具有杂种黄化基因Ｃｈ２）和Ｋｈａｐｌｉ（具有杂种黄化基因Ｃｈ１）为测验种，对中国特有小麦等六倍体小麦类型和一些四倍体小麦类型中的Ｔ型胞质育性恢复基因和杂种黄化Ｃｈ１基因的分布进行了研究。结果表明：中国白麦子类型、西藏半野生小麦、云南铁壳麦、圆锥小麦（矮兰麦）一节节麦人工合成双二倍体以及中国圆锥小麦等类型中未发现Ｔ型育性恢复基因和杂种黄化基因Ｃｈ１；在斯卑尔脱小麦杜哈米林类型和野生二粒小麦中发现有Ｔ型育性恢复基因的存在，但是不存在杂种黄化基因Ｃｈ１。在新疆稻麦和中国波兰小麦中未发现有Ｔ型胞质育性恢复基因的存在。但在新疆稻麦中普遍含有杂种黄化基因Ｃｈ１，在波兰小麦中一些居群有Ｃｈ１基因、一些居群无。这暗示：新疆稻麦可能来源于含有Ｃｈ１基因的波兰小麦类型，而且可能是起源于波兰小麦与节节麦的天然杂交并经过双二倍体化途径而形成的。

The distribution of hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene and the T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes in Chinese endemic wheats were studied using the testors QA1104 (T-type cytoplasm sterile line, with hybrid chlorosis Ch2 gene) and Khapli emmer (with hybrid chlorosis Ch1 gene). The results suggested that: T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes and the hybrid chlorosis gene Ch1 were not discovered in the Chinese white wheat complex, Tibet semi-wild wheats, Yunnan hulled wheats, T. turgidum-Aegilops tauschii amphidiploid and poulard wheats. Although T-type cytoplasm fertility restoring genes were not discovered in Xinjiang rice wheats (T. petropavlovskyi) and polish wheats, they all possessed the hybrid chlorosis gene Ch1. This indicated that Xinjiang rice wheat (highfrequency for Ch1 gene) may have been originated from polish wheat with hybrid chlorosis gene Ch1 and may through forming the amphidiploid between polish wheat and Ae. tauschii.