西双版纳热带季节雨林的研究

Research on the tropical seasonal rainforest of Xishuangbanna, south Yunnan

本文以多个样方的资料分析，从群落综合特征上研究了西双版纳热带季节雨林的特点和类型、物种组成、生活型谱、叶级谱等。根据上层标志树种、群落生态外貌特征和生境把西双版纳的热带季节雨林区分为低丘雨林和沟谷雨林二个群系组，各包括若干群系。低丘雨林中面积最大和最有代表性的群系是大药树、龙果林，而沟谷雨林中最有代表性的群系是番龙眼、千果榄仁林。二者相比，低丘雨林的物种多样性要小一些，附生植物相对少一些，小、矮高位芽植物和小叶、落叶树种比例稍高，在生态上向季雨林和热带山地的常绿阔叶林过渡，有更强的地方代表性。沟谷雨林则更接近典型的湿热带雨林。

With conspicuous similarity on ecological and floristic characters to tropical rainforest of SE Asia, the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna is considered as a type of tropical Asian rainforest and named as tropical seasonal rainforest based on its characterized physiognomy. Classification, floristic composition, species diversity, life form spectrum, leaf size classes etc. of the tropical seasonal rainforest were enumerated based on numerous plot data. The tropical seasonal rainforest was classified into two sub type, i. e. lower hill seasonal rainforest and ravine seasonal rainforest in this paper. Ravine seasonal rainforest, occurred at wetter ravine habitats, has relatively high species diversity, more epiphytes, less deciduous trees and microphyll than lower hill seasonal rainforest which occurred on less wet lower hill slopes. Ravine seasonal rainforest shows closer to classic tropical rainforest, while lower hill seasonal rainforest shows the tendency of transition to tropical montane forest and monsoon forest.