野生异叶爬山虎果皮红色素提取及稳定性研究

Extraction and Stability of Pigment from Wild Grown Parthenocissus heterophylla (Bl.) Merr

采用水溶液提取野生异叶爬山虎果皮中红色素,通过L16(45)正交试验对野生异叶爬山虎果皮中红色素提取条件进行优化,对提取液进行喷雾干燥,并对粉末红色素进行各种检测。结果表明,影响红色素提取的显著因素是温度与料液比,其次是提取溶剂和提取时间;通过喷雾干燥法能有效地得到粉末状红色素;粉末状红色素所含有害成分含量极低;该色素受pH值的影响较大,易溶于水、酸性乙醇与酸性甲醇,难溶于三氯甲烷、乙酸乙脂等;研究食品中几种常见的共存物、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Na+、温度对红色素稳定性的影响。

Organic solvent extraction technique was employed to extract pigment from wild grown Parthenocissus heterophyUa （BI.） Merr. Single factor method combined with orthogonal array design was used to analyze the effects of four crucial parameters （namely material/liquid ratio, temperature, extraction time and extraction solvent type） on Parthenocissus heterophylla （B1.） Merr pigment extraction. Subsequently, the extracted pigment was spray dried and tested for physiochemical properties and meanwhile, its stability was also evaluated. Results showed that the yield of the pigment （expressed as the absorbance at 512 nm） was affected significantly by extraction temperature and material/liquid ratio, whereas extraction solvent type and extraction time had no significant effects. Red Parthenocissus heterophylla （B1.） Merr pigment powder was obtained after spray drying. Lower contents of harmful heavy metal elements were observed in the pigment, which exhibited poor pH stability and was soluble in water, acidic ethanol and methanol but not soluble in chloroform and ethyl acetate. The thermal stability of the pigment at acidic pH was stronger than at neutral or alkaline pH. Hyperchromic effects of Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Cu^2＋, VC, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were observed, while the color of the pigment was changed with the existence of Fe^2＋, and the existence of Na^＋ exhibited no effect on the color of the pigment.