中国融入东亚生产网络的贸易利益--基于20个工业部门净附加值的分析

The Gains of China's integration into the East Asian Production Networks:An Analysis Based on Net Value-added of 20 Industrial Sectors

本文结合中国融入东亚生产网络的现状,采用反映进口中间产品在国内的产业循环效应或产业波及效果的净附加值指标来衡量中国融入东亚生产网络后归属于中国的直接的贸易利益。基于1992-2007年期间中国20个工业部门从东亚进口的中间产品在国内产业循环后所创造的净附加值分析表明:从净附加值的绝对量来看,中国工业部门从东亚进口中间产品所创造的净附加值增长迅猛,且在从世界进口的中间产品所创造的总的净附加值中平均占了42%左右的份额,但该净附加值占中国工业部门总出口的比重总体上不高且年均增长幅度有限。细分行业的考察发现,来自东亚的中间产品创造的净附加值比重较高的部门主要是技术、资本密集型工业部门,但在大多数工业部门中这一比重增长不显著。因此,应在进一步深化中国与东亚的垂直专业化分工的基础上,通过增强本土企业的技术吸收能力和自主创新能力来提升本土企业在东亚生产网络中的分工地位,以获取更多的贸易利益。

In order to evaluate the gains of China's integration into the East Asian production networks,this paper calculates China's net value-added created by imported intermediates from East Asia in 20 industrial sectors and its share in total exports during 1992-2007.The results show that:net value-added of imported intermediates from East Asia has increased rapidly,while the share of net value-added in China's total industrial exports remains low and the growth rate of the share is limited.Even though higher percentages of net value-added are found in technology and capital intensive sectors,most industrial sectors show no significant increases in the share of net value-added.Therefore,we should further deepen vertical specialization between China and East Asia and enhance the absorptive capacity and self-innovation ability of local enterprises to upgrade China's position in East Asian production networks so as to get more trade gains.