日本LNG接收站的建设

Experiences learned from Japan's LNG receiving terminals

及时了解、吸收国内外先进的LNG接收站建设经验,有助于推进我国正大力进行的LNG接收站建设工作。为此,详细介绍了世界最大LNG进口国及建有最多LNG接收站的国家——日本的LNG接收站建设经验,阐明其LNG接收站具有以下特点:建设较早,多采用地下罐,配有大量LNG卫星站和管网,实行LPG和LNG兼营,建有个别的内航船LNG接收站,LNG法规完备,LNG接收站项目由保险公司和银行等投资,燃气公司负责LNG接收站运营,重工制造公司负责LNG接收站的设计建造,商社负责LNG资源采购。研究成果对我国有如下启示:做好规划建设,适当建设内航船LNG接收站、地下罐;LNG与其他能源合理配置,尽量不用来发电;引入银行和保险公司的风险投资机制;同时加强对日本和中国台湾省LNG接收站的调查研究和学习。

It is necessary and helpful for us to learn more valuable experiences from some other countries to promote the construction of LNG receiving terminals in China.Hereby,this paper introduces in detail the experiences of that from Japan,which is the biggest LNG importer and owns the largest number of LNG receiving terminals in the world.Most of the LNG receiving terminals in Japan were built at early time,underground storage tanks were mostly used,and a large amount of LNG satellite stations and pipeline networks were equipped with the terminal.Both LPG and LNG are managed in Japanese terminals and,there are also some coastal terminals co-operated with it.The legal and regulation system on LNG in Japan is well developed and a risk mechanism is also established for LNG terminal projects invested by insurance and bank financing.Usually gas companies are to operate the LNG terminals,the heavy industrial enterprises are in charge of their designs and constructions,and business firms are responsible for supplying the LNG.After learning good lessons from Japan's LNG terminals,we present some suggestions for the LNG terminals to be built in China:a.Planning and construction should be made in full plan and underground storage tanks and some coastal terminals should be taken into account;b.LNG should be rationally allocated with other energy resources and better not to be used for power generation;c.Banks and insurance companies should be introduced into the risk investment mechanism;d.Deep investigation and research of lessons and experiences in LNG terminals from Taiwan and Japan should be encouraged and intensified.This study will provide reference for the LNG operators to build the LNG receiving terminals in China.