浅析政府公共危机管理中的社会学因素——以出租车行业罢运事件为例

An Analysis of the Sociological Factors of Government's Public Crisis Administration——taking the strike incident of the taxi industry as an example

政府公共危机是指在政府管理国家事务中,突然发生的如地震、流行病、经济波动、恐怖活动等对社会公共活动与社会秩序造成重大损失的事件。在公共危机管理中,政府最难处置的就是群体性突发事件。目前中国社会正进入一个特殊的社会转型阶段,社会矛盾激烈,由于利益问题导致的社会冲突不断,群体性重大事件频发。按照法国社会学家杜尔克姆的理论,就是社会整合机制中的社会团结因素没有调整、处理好。以2008年11月重庆发生的出租车罢运事件为例,要防止公共危机事件的发生,处置好突发的群体性事件,政府应该在社会学的因素上多下工夫,依靠社会权威,强化社会集体意识,厘清政府机构的职能,注重社会团结,按照社会学理论层面整合、调解国家、社会、集体、个人的良好互动关系,确保政府的公信力。

The government＇s public crisis refers to the sudden events such as earthquakes, epidemic, economic fluctuation and terrorist activities that bring about great loss of the social public activities and so- cial order when the government administrates the national affairs. In the public crisis administration, sudden group incidents are the most difficult to deal with. But Chinese society is entering upon a special period of social transformation, social contradictions are intense, social conflicts resulted from interest questions and serious group incidents frequently happen. That means the factors of social solidarity of the social integra- tion mechanism is not adjusted well according to the French sociologist, Durkheim＇s theory. Taking the strike incident of the taxi industry of Chongqing in 2008 as an example, to prevent the public crisis and handle sudden group incident properly, government should rely on the social authority, heighten the collec- tive awareness, make clear the government＇s functions, put emphasis on social unity, and adjust the good mutual relations of the nation, society, collective and individuals to achieve government＇s public credit.