自发特质推理中的社会刻板效应

Stereotype Effects on Spontaneous Trait Inferences

近来,考察自发特质推理中的社会刻板效应,成为自发特质推理研究的一个新趋势。在介绍自发特质推理及其研究范式的基础上,概述了刻板印象与特质的概念联系,并阐明了考察自发特质推理中的社会刻板效应的理论依据和方法。接着,对自发特质推理中的职业、种族和性别刻板效应研究进行了回顾,发现刻板印象对自发特质推理的影响主要通过它对自发特质推理的阻碍作用体现出来,在高认知负荷下,这种阻碍作用更为明显。最后,从研究对象、研究方法、研究内容三个方面对该领域的研究进行了评价和展望。

Spontaneous trait inferences are trait inferences that occur unintentionally, almost effortlessly, and usually without awareness. Recently, spontaneous trait inferences become an important topic of research for social cognition. In the past few yeas, a new research trend has been developed to describe the cognition phenomenon of spontaneous trait inferences. By examining the impact of implicit stereotypes on spontaneous trait inferences, researchers gained access to a new level of understanding on it. They provided evidences for the influence of automatically activated stereotypes, including occupation stereotypes, race stereotype and gender stereotypes on the process of spontaneous trait inferences. After a brief introduction of the theoretical basis for researchers to explore the stereotype effects on spontaneous trait inferences, the present paper systematically reviewed some studies related to this topic. In the end, three prospects for the future research were pointed out.