偏见的自我调节研究述评

Retrospect and Prospect of Researches on the Self-regulation of Prejudice

偏见不是不可避免的。个体能够依靠自我调节来控制偏见反应。拥有高控制偏见内部动机且低控制偏见外部动机的个体能最有效地控制偏见,包括内隐偏见。这类个体的控制偏见动机的内化程度最高,而内化程度高的控制偏见动机能自动起作用。四分过程模型能分离出自动过程和控制过程对内隐测量任务的影响,因此能更好地解释自动激活的联接和自我调节是如何交互影响行为的。未来的研究应进一步探索如何发展控制偏见内部动机和对内隐控制偏见动机的测量等问题。

Prejudice is not inevitable. People can control their prejudiced responses through self-regulation. Individuals who have high internal motivation and low external motivation are able to control their prejudice most effectively, including implicit prejudice. When the motivation is well internalized, it performs automatically. The quadruple process model disentangles the influences of automatic process and controlled process on implicit task performance; and it can better explain how the interaction of association activated automatically and self-regulation influences behavior. The limitations of current literature in the field were discussed.