中国水生态分区初探

Primary study of freshwater ecoregionalization in China

从生态系统的角度管理自然资源以及进行环境保护,已经成为国际环境保护领域的主流趋势.基于生态分区和地理分类单元开展环境保护与资源管理,已广为世界各国所接受.淡水生态分区是生态分区的一个重要类型,与水文分区和水环境功能分区相比,其在管理、评价和保护河流、溪流和湖泊等淡水水体资源、环境及水生生态系统方面,具有不可比拟的优势.本研究比较了国内外主要水体分区体系,分析各分区体系的优劣,强调在中国开展水生态分区研究的必要性.在此基础上,提出中国水生态分区的目标、范围和指标体系的设想,指出中国水生态分区应根据中国淡水生态系统实际和环境特征,着重突出河流和湖泊等水体的生态服务功能、水生生态系统的敏感性和人类活动的干扰与影响,并就中国水生态分区的范围、分类指标及水生态分区在将来环境管理中与其他现行分区体系的协调做了探讨.

Management of natural resources and protection of the environment from the angle of ecosystems is becoming the mainstream trend in the field of environmental protection.And environmental protection and management of resources based on ecoregions and geographical classification units has been accepted widely.Compared with hydrological regionalization and functional subareas of aquatic environments,freshwater ecoregions have great advantages in management,assessment and protection of freshwater resources,environments and aquatic ecosystems such as rivers,streams and lakes.In this work,freshwater classifications in China are firstly compared with the main global freshwater ecoregions and classifications,the advantages and shortcomings of freshwater ecoregions and classifications are analyzed,and the need to research freshwater ecoregions is emphasized.Then,the objectives,scope and indices of freshwater ecoregionalization in China are proposed.We suggest that freshwater ecoregions in China should be based on the actual freshwater ecosystems and environmental characteristics,give prominence to the ecological service function of waters such as rivers and lakes,the sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems and the disturbance and impact of human activities.Finally,the scope and classification indices of freshwater ecoregionalization in China and the harmony of freshwater ecoregions in future environmental management with current regionalization systems are discussed.