中医学“邪气”源流考

Investigation and Explanation of Origin and Development of the Meanings of Evil-qi in TCM

目的:考察中医学"邪气"的历史源流。方法:采用文献学研究方法。结果:经考察,《内经》中"邪气"是与真气、正气相对而言的,泛指各种致病因素。后世在此基础上扩大了"邪气"的内涵,对邪气的认识上升到了病因、病机层面。结论:从病因层面分析,"邪"可分为外感之邪和内生之邪两类。人体内邪包括内风、内寒、内湿、内燥、内火、痰饮、瘀血等;外邪包括风寒暑湿燥火及疫疠之气。"邪气"有广义、狭义之分,广义的"邪气"指各种病邪,包括外感六淫、精神、饮食及体内阴阳的变化等。狭义的"邪气"是指四时不正之气,如六淫以及疫疠之气等,也特指"邪念之火"等特定的病理变化。

Objective：To investigate and explain of origin and development of the meanings of Evil-qi in TCM. Methods： Use the philological methods.Results： It is considered that the Evil-qi is a set of opposite concept with the Vital Energy, and generally refer to pathogenic factors. Following in time, the medical scientist had cast a newlight on pathogenic factor and nosogenesis. Conclusion： First,the Evil-qi can be divided by exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. Second,the wind, cold, damp, dryness, fire, phlegm and retained fluid, blood stasis and etc is categoried of endogenous pathogenic factors. At last,the Evil-qi refer to exogenous pathogenic factors of six climatic conditions in excess and epidemic pathogenic factors,which can be divided in broad sense and narrow sense.