岩土锚固技术新发展

THE NEW DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND ANCHORAGE IN CHINA

近年来,为了适应我国土木、水利水电、矿山和建筑等工程建设高速发展的需要,对岩土锚固综合技术的研究得到了强化,在岩土锚杆的荷载传递机制、设计、结构形式、灌浆工艺以及长期性能和安全评价等方面取得了一系列创新成果,使我国岩土锚固的综合技术水平得到了提升和跨越。目前,我国岩土锚固的工程应用水平已进入世界先进行列。这主要表现在以下几方面:1)开发了可重复高压灌浆型和旋喷灌浆扩体型锚杆,有效克服了软土地层或复杂地层中锚杆承载力低、蠕变量大的缺陷;2)加深了对锚杆荷载传递机制的认识,提出了锚固长度对粘结强度的影响因子,划定了岩土锚杆锚固段长度的合理区间;3)开发并广泛应用了能使锚杆粘结应力分布均匀、显著提高承载力和防腐特性的荷载分散型锚固(单孔复合锚固)体系;4)岩土锚杆长期性能和安全评价的研究取得了明显进展;5)建立了我国岩土锚固技术标准体系;6)工程应用领域和规模不断扩大。

In recent years, the integrated ground anchorages technologies have been developed in our country, in order to adapt to the rapid development needs of the construction projects such as civil engineering, water conservancy and hydropower, mining and building. A series of achievements have been achieved on the load transfer mechanism, design, structures and grouting process and long term performance and safety assessment of ground anchors which updated our country＇ s integrated ground anchorage technologies, and the level of ground anchorages engineering applications has entered the ranks of the advanced countries. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects ： 1 ） Developing the high-pressure regrouting anchor and jet grouting underreamed anchor, overcoming low capacity and large creep defects of ground anchors in soft soils and complex geotechnical conditions ;2 ） Strengthening the studies of the load transfer mechanism of ground anchorage, proposing the coefficient factor of anchor bond length having effects on the bond strength, determining the reasonable bond length of ground anchor; 3）Developing and using load dispersed anchor system （SMBA） widely , with the characteristics of the uniform of bond distribution, good anticorrosion properties and higher load bearing capacities ;4）Making progress obviously in the research on the long term performance and safety assessment of ground anchorage; 5 ） Establishing our nation ＇ s ground anchorage standard systems ;6 ）Expanding significantly the field and scale of the ground anchorage engineering applications.