关中大蒜病害调查和病原鉴定

Disease Survey and Pathogen Identification of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in Central Shaanxi Province

１９９３～１９９６年进行了陕西省关中大蒜病害调查和病原鉴定，结果共发现１４种病害。叶部病害以匐柄霉叶枯病和锈病分布广泛而严重，前者能引起复杂的症状，造成毁灭性损失，芽枝霉叶斑病、紫斑病、灰霉病仅局部地块有发生。蒜薹白斑腐烂病是首次报道的病害，贮藏蒜薹损失率高达５０％～６０％．蒜薹的灰霉腐烂也较普遍。田间危害鳞茎和根部的病害有白腐病和软腐病，贮蒜病害有曲霉病、黑斑病、灰霉病、红腐病和青霉病等。此外，大蒜花叶病毒和大蒜潜隐病毒发生普遍而严重，另有一种病原未明的黄（红）叶病，仅局部发生。

A series of survey on garlic diseases were conducted in 1993-1996.14 diseases were recorded and their pathogens were indentified.Among foliar diseases,stemphylium leaf blight and rust were widespread and the former caused complex symptom and devastating damage.Cladosporium leaf spot,purple blotch,gray mold occured infrequently.White spot and rot of garlic bolt caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, which was first recorded,were very serious and caused annual storage losses of about 50%-60%.Gray mold bolt rot was common as well.White rot and soft rot attacking bulb and root deseases in field were recorded.Bulb diseases,including black mold,black spot,gray mold,pint rot and blue mold occurred frequently in storage.Besides,garlic mosaic virus and garlic latent virus were widespread and serious.A yellow (red) leaf disease was recorded,but its pathogen was unknown.