红麻籽油的理化性质及碱炼工艺研究

Physicochemical properties and alkali refining of kenaf seed oil

以6个新品种红麻籽为原料，测定其含油量并分析了红麻籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸组分，并通过正交试验优化其碱炼工艺。结果表明，红麻籽含油量（干基）在20．8％～23．4％之间。红麻籽油的脂肪酸组分以油酸和亚油酸为主，油酸含量在22．16％～28．72％之间，亚油酸含量在47．20％～54．23％之间，还含有少量的亚麻酸，总不饱和脂肪酸含量达80％，红麻籽油的各项感官指标和理化指标均符合《食用植物油卫生标准》。红麻籽油碱炼的优化工艺条件为：水化加水量为油质量的3％，碱液质量分数8％，超碱量为油质量的0．3％，碱炼温度60℃。在优化条件下，红麻籽油收率达91％。

Seeds from six kenaf cultivars were evaluated for oil content, physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions of kenaf seed oil were also analyzed. In addition, the alkali refining process of kenaf seed oil was performed and optimized. The results showed that the oil content （dry basis） ranged from 20. 8% to 23.4%. Oleic acid and linoleie acid were the major fatty acids in the kenaf seed oil. Oleic acid content ranged from 22.16% to 28.72%, linoleic acid content ranged from 47.20% to 54.23%. Besides, a little linolenic acid was included. The total unsaturated fatty acid content was up to 80%. All organoleptic and physieochemical characteristics of kenaf seed oil conformed to the ＂Sanitary Standard of Edible Vegetable Oil＂. The optimal parameters of alkali refining process were as follows： alkali mass fraction was 8%, the quantities of excess alkali and water added in hydration degumming were 0.3% and 3% of oil mass, respectively, and alkali refining temperature was 60℃. Under the optimal conditions, a recovery ratio of 91% was achieved.