春玉米群体库特性的研究

A Study on Sink Characteristics of Spring Maize Population

在不同密度、施氮量处理下，研究了春玉米两种株型品种的群体库特性及其在产量形成中的作用。其结果表明：春玉米果穗花丝数品种间差异显著，栽培措施影响较小。群体花丝数与种植密度密切相关，在适宜的密度范围内，随密度的增大而增多。适量施用氮肥可提高受精结实率和双穗率，有利于扩大库容。群体总粒数是构成产量的主要因素，且与花粒期群体干物质积累量呈显著正相关。子粒体积与子粒灌浆速率、干物重呈极显著正相关，且随密度、施氮量而发生变化。花粒期群体源的光合性状对库的充实及其潜力的发挥具有决定性作用。因地因品种采用合理的栽培措施，实现源、库协调发展。

Characteristics of population sink of two plant types and its effects on yield formation were studied in treatments of different population sizes and nitrogen applications.The results showed that the number of ear rilaments in spring maize had a significant difference between varieties,which was influenced slightly by culture measures.The number of population filaments was closely related to planting density and increased with planting density in an appropriate range.Suitable application rates of nitrogen could raise fertility and fruit setting percentage and double ear rate,and contributed to better sink capacity.Total amount of kernel of population was a main yield factor that had a significant positive correlation with dry matter accumulation of population in anthesis maturity period.There was a highly positive relationship among kernel size,filling rate and dry matter and varied with plant density and nitrogen application.Photosynthetic traits of the population source in anthesis maturity period had an decisive effect on the enrichment of sink and its potentiality.Thus,it was an effective way to realize coordinated development of source and sink by taking rational culture measures according to different varieties and regions.