荒漠草原不同饮水半径和放牧距离对山羊生产性能的影响

THE EFFECTS OF DRINKING RADIUS AND GRAZING DISTANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GOATS IN DESERT GRASSLAND

测定了典型荒漠草原，天然放牧状态下的阿尔巴斯白绒山羊，在不同饮水半径，不同放牧距离时的饮水量，蒸发量及体重，产绒量，羔羊成活率，全群死亡率，经济效益等生产性能。试验结果表明，饮水半径在２．６ｋｍ，放牧距离在８．２～１４ｋｍ范围内，隔日饮水对山羊的生产性能无不良影响，各种生产指标与每日饮水的对照组相同或接近。但隔日饮水羊只每日平均饮水量比对照组增加１９．８％～２３．８％。在放牧条件下，饮水半径和放牧距离是影响生产力的主要因素之一。为了饮水，增加徒走距离，使羊只体内营养物质损失加大，对山羊生产性能产生持续、积累、缓慢的消耗性影响，并且随着时间的延长，其作用程度不断增加。在饮水半径为７ｋｍ，放牧距离为２４ｋｍ时，山羊群的各种生产性能明显降低。比有饮水点的对照组两个月平均多减重３．５ｋｇ；产绒量下降５．７１％；流产母羊增加４．１７％；羔羊成活率下降８．２％；每只羊肉、绒年经济效益减少１１．８３元。

In this work,Arebasi Cashmere goats were studied on their water intake,eveporated quantity,weights,output of cashmere,kid survival rate,the group death rate and economic profits etc. under the natural grazing condition in typical desert grassland.The results showde that: When drinking radius was 2.6 kilometers and grazing distance was between 8.2_14 dilometers,drinking every other day had no bad influence on goats performance and all production targets were similar to the control ones which drank every day. The water intake of the goats drinkign every other day increased 19.8_23.8 percent comparde with the control group. Under grazing condition,drinking radius or grazing distance was one of the most important factors affecting goats production. Increasing walking distance to get water made great losses of body nutrient and had a lasting,slow accomulated and exhausting influence on goats performance.This bad influence would rise with the prolong of time. When drinking radius was 7 kilometers and grazing distance was 24 kilometers,goats performance decreased significanty. Weight decreased 3.5kg, cashmvere yield decreased by 5.71 percent,kids survival rate droped by 8.2 percent,economic profit of one goat lowered 11.83 Yuan, compared with that of control which had a short distance water resource.