欧李杂交技术研究

THE STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUE OF CROSSBREEDING Prunus humilis

本文通过对欧李花粉的采集时间，花粉的贮藏条件和贮藏时间，欧李的不同杂交时间的研究。结果表明：欧李在中花苞期、大花苞期和初花期花粉的生活力和发芽力较强，是花粉适宜的采集时间，而以大花苞期和初花期为最好。随着贮藏时间的延长，花粉的生活力和发芽力逐渐下降，在－１７℃条件下贮藏花粉生活力和发芽力下降速率较慢，在室温条件下贮藏花粉生活力和发芽力下降速率较快。欧李花粉在室温条件下贮藏２周，在－１７℃条件下贮藏３周，花粉生活力和发芽力下降速率均低于５０％，为花粉适宜的贮藏时间。欧李适宜的杂交时期为大花苞期到开花后第２ｄ，在１ｄ中以１０：００～１２：００授粉结实率最高。

The periods of collecting the pollen,the peroids and conditions of preserving the pollen and the various periods of crossbreeding Prunus humilis were sludied.The results showed: The appropriate periods for gathering the pollen were at the periods of middle bud,big bud and early florescence becauce of its stroger vitality and germination.The best periods for collecting the pollen were found at the periods of big bud and early florescence.The longer the period of the storing pollen lasted,the lower the vitality and the germination of the pollen became.The lifeforce and the germination of the pollen decreased slightly at the temperature of -17℃ and decreased considerably at the nomal indoor temperature.The proper storing periods of the pollen were two weeks at the nomal indoor temperature and three weeks at the temperature of -17℃ for at these periods the rates of the vitality and the germination decreased lower than 50%.The proper periods of the crossbreeding of Prunus humilis were found from the big bud to the next the bloom day and thd best time for the bybridization was at 10:00-12:00 in a day ,which had a highest rate of bearing fruit.