保护森林 根治水患——'98长江特大洪水成因及森林减灾对策

THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF YANGTZE RIVER INUNDATION IN 1998 AND MEASUREMENTS ON NATURAL CALAMITY REDUCTION VIA FORESTS

１９９８年长江特大洪灾的形成有多种诱因，长江洪水祸在水虐，根在毁林。社会重大变革过程中破坏了自然环境的生态平衡，经济建设和发展中忽视了自然环境的保护，森林资源和森林植被遭到严重破坏，进而引发严重的水土流失。建议采取必要的行政手段和技术措施：在长江上游干流和主要支流汇水面建立永久性绝对禁伐区；建立国家长江森林资源管理和协调机构；建立国家长江森林资源减灾发展基金；加快林业经营体制改革，制订鼓励和扶持多种经济成分在长江上游非禁伐区内建立营林区的长期政策；加强林业新技术在长江流域森林资源和森林植被保护、恢复和发展中的应用；启动一批中长期的长江森林资源和森林植被保护、恢复和发展研究项目。

The most serious floods of Yangtze River Watershed in 1998 were caused by many factors ,but one of the most important factors is the ecological environmental deterioration.Soil and water loss is becoming more and more serious with the reducing of forest resources and coverage.The eclolgical balance was disturbed during some major society revolutions,the environment protection was not paid a great attention to in the process of economic construction and development.The frequently occuring floods in Yangtze River Watershed have greatly restricted or influenced the economic development and the safty of society and environment.It is the time to control the floods of Yangtze River permanently. Rehabitating and developing forest plants is one of the key links to bringing inundation of the Yangtze River under permanent control. It is suggested that forest cutting be forbidden on the area of upper reaches and both sides of Yangtze River,an office under the State Adiministration of forest resources management and coordination be established,a development fund on natural calamity reduction of forest be established in Yangtze River Watershed,a long-term system to forest management be formulated to advocate or surport the establishment of forest management enterprises on the outer side of forbidden cutting area,and some middle-long term research projects on the protection,re_establishment and development of forest resources be started,in order to strengthen the application of new techniques in forest protection and rehabitation. It is worthy of pointing out that the flood control work of Yangtze River is not only relying on the soil erosion control of upper reaches and fountainhead, but also on the soil erosion control of middle and lower reaches. All of the Yangtze River watershed should be considered under a whole system.On the other hand, the traditional land use plans are decided by site condition (soil fertility and water condition),but the pertential danger of soil and water loss is not considered efficiently. Authors suggested that the evaluation work of the potential danger of soil and water loss be used as the basic rule of land use, thus the soil and water loss can be prevented fundamently and the damage of flood can be eliminated.