气候生态与栽培方式对砂梨生长结果习性的影响

The Influence of Climatic Ecology and Cultivation Manner on the Growth and Bearing Habit of Pyrus pyrifolia

在对地处同一纬度、不同海拔高度的利川市与荆州市的生态条件与砂梨栽培方式进行调查分析的基础上，探讨了气候生态条件和栽培方式对湖北省砂梨３个主栽品种黄花、湘南和长十郎的生长结果习性的影响。结果表明，鄂西南海拔１０００ｍ左右山地砂梨品种表现为干周大、树势强、物候期比江汉平原推迟１３～４０ｄ，相邻两物候期延长５～３１ｄ，树体生长期缩短２３～２５ｄ，新梢生长量、花序坐果率和花朵坐果率均极显著高于江汉平原，短果枝比例极显著低于江汉平原。两者对各品种之间的影响也存在不同程度的差异。

A study was conducted in Lichuan city and Jingzhou city which have the same latitude and different elevation to estimate the influence of climatically ecological conditions and cultivation manners on the growth and bearing habit of three leading varieties-Huanghua, Xiangnan and Changshilang. The results indicated that all the Pyrus pyrifolia varieties in the areas of southwestern Hubei with the elevation about l 000 m had thick trunks and strong tree vigour. Meanwhile, their phenological phases were 13～40 d later and 5～31 d longer than those in Jianghan plain. Also, their growth periods were shortened 23～25 d and the quantities of new branches, the inflorescense-bearing rate and the flower-bearing rate were particularly higher than those in Jianghan plain, but the quantities of spurs were particularly lower. In a word, this two-side influence was different for all varieties.