如何理解企业所有权:本质特征和现实归属

How to Comprehend the Ownership of Firms:Essential Characteristic and Realistic Adscription

作为一个协作系统,企业组织本质上无法清晰地界定为单一主体所有,而是呈现出一个所有者谱系,也即,企业所有权具有模糊的共有性。但是,企业所有权在现实中却往往被界定给特定个人或群体,这种现实归属是法律关系的产物,它是对异化了的社会现实之确认,主要是社会权力结构因素决定的。一般地,在迄今为止的资本主义社会,由于资本处于绝对强势的地位,因而企业组织也相应地被视为出资者所有;但是,随着社会力量的演变以及人们对企业本质认知的深化,企业所有权的现实归属也必然会不断调整。

As a cooperation system, the ownership of firms can＇t be attached one party by all means. On the contrary, the ownership of firms shows blurry common right reflecting an ownership pedigree based on right and responsibility. However, the realistic adscription of ownership is often attached to a special individual or group under special law. Obviously, this is a justi- fication of the alienated social reality and is determined by the structure of social power. Generally speaking, in the capitalist society so far, the ownership of firms is often attached to stockholders because capital is in an absolutely dominant position. However, the realistic ownership of firms will be adjusted continuously by all means along with the evolution of social strength and the deepening of cognition about firms.