诱导性多能干细胞的发展及前景展望

Progress and Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

近年来,通过转入特定基因诱导体细胞重编程成为多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的研究成果引起了生命科学领域新的轰动。将完全分化的细胞重编程,不经过胚胎逆转为多能干细胞状态,这种方法相对容易操作,比较稳定,在生物学基础研究和临床应用方面都具有潜在的实用价值。与胚胎干细胞(ESC)相似,iPS细胞对于生物制药品种的更新和产生等十分有益。iPS细胞的产生对解决长期以来干细胞研究领域的伦理问题和免疫排斥问题具有十分重要的意义。然而,目前iPS技术仍然存在致癌性、效率低、病毒载体欠安全以及移植后存活率低等一系列问题。本文从iPS细胞的发展、获得、存在的问题以及发展前景4个方面进行了介绍。

In the recent development, through transferring special genes, somatic cells can be induced into pluripotent stem cells （Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs）, which has brought a new revolutionary change in life science. Fully differentiated cells can reverse their gene expression profile to that of pluripotent cells, with combined uses of defined factors and small molecules. This method is more convenient to manipulate or operate and is relatively more stable, which has potential values in both the fundamental study of biology and the clinical applications, iPS cells, with characteristics identical to those of Embryonic Stem cells （ESC）, could be very useful in regenerative medicine drug discovery, and in other related fields. The generation of iPSCs may solve some problems in stem ceils researches, such as ethical dilemma, immunological rejection. In combination with gene therapy and cellular transplantation therapy, the achievements of iPS have been applied to animal disease model treatments. However, there remain many problems to be solved for iPSCs technology itself, such as carcinogenicity, low efficiency of generation, safety of virus as vectors, low survival rate of tissue derived from iPSCs after transplantation. This paper discusses four aspects of iPSCs： generation, development, existing problems and application prospects.