论侵权法中的防御请求权

On the Claim Right to Defense in Tort Law

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法草案》规定了八种侵权责任方式,其中排除妨碍和消除危险这两种责任方式可以合称为防御请求权。防御请求权源起于罗马法的役权保护思想,并逐渐扩展形成物上请求权制度。在自由权以及潘德克顿法学派的影响下,转变为所有权之诉并扩展到动产领域,逐渐由最初的物权防御请求权发展到对其他权利的保护,即出现了侵权法上的防御请求权。我国应当在坚持物、债二分的前提下,明确两种防御请求权的关系,在侵权法防御请求权上以违法性为要件,并将妨碍排除请求权适用于持续且不断更新的妨害源的情况下。

The Draft bilities, among which, to for the Tort Law of People＇ s Republic of China has stipulated eight types of tort liaeliminate obstruction and to cease danger can be integrated as the claim fight to defense, which originated from the idea of servitude in ancient Roman Laws, and gradually developed into claim fight to real property. Under the influence of the freedom right and jurisprudence of Pandect - school, the claim for ownership extended to chattels, accordingly, the claim fight to defense real property extended to other rights, such as the rights in tort law. In compliance with the separation of real property right and obligation right, the respective claim fight to defense should be clarified. The claim right to defense should take illegality as one requirement, and the claim to eliminate obstruction should be applied to constant and upgrading source of obstruction.