社会团体登记制度反思

Reflection on the Registration System of the Public Organization

中国社会团体管理采取的是双重许可制度,包括业务主管单位的"批准"制度和登记管理机关的"登记"制度。对于前者的批判已经形成共识,但是对于后者的反思却尚未开始。社会团体登记中应当包含行政确认的内容,也应当包含行政许可的内容,即从公民行使结社权组成社会团体层面来看,社会团体登记是一种行政确认行为;从公民行使结社权组成法人型社会团体层面来看,法人型社会团体的登记属于行政许可行为。澄清这一概念,重新审视中国的社会团体登记制度,明确从何处改革现有的制度,并提出改革的方向和目标,同时也有利于我们正视社会团体登记权的边界和限度。

The public organization is regulated by dual -license systems in China, including the ＂approval＂ system by the organization in charge of its business and the ＂registration＂ system by registration administration. The criticism of the former system has been well accepted, but reflection on the latter has not been realized yet. In regard of nature analysis, the registration of the public organization is both the administrative confirmation from the perspective of the association rights exercised by citizens ; and the administrative license since the public organization is a legal entity. The definition clarification of the public organization registration will be beneficial for reexamining the system itself, for clarifying directions and objectives to reform the present system, and for better understanding the scope and limit of registration right of the public organization.