试论社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度及其科学依据

On the Basic Economic System and Its Scientific Basis of the Primary Stage of Socialism

从根本上讲,公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度是基于马克思主义的基本原理,即生产关系一定要适合生产力发展的要求的原理。邓小平同志将该原理具体化为"三个有利于"的标准。从经济学的角度来看,要回答好这三个是否有利于就需要对现阶段各种不同的所有制进行系统和全面的比较分析。在关系到国计民生和涉及国家重大利益的产业或部门之外,应当在法律和法规允许的范围内,让各种所有制经济平等竞争,放手让私有制经济或其他所有制经济去发展,贯彻"三个有利于"的标准。

Essentially, the primary stage of socialism with public system as the main body and common development of various ownership economy is based on the basic principle of Marxism, ie., the productive relation must conform to the requirement of productive force. Deng Xiaoping described the principle as the standard of 'three good-for'. Economically, it needs a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the different ownerships: in a certain field, if the loss for privatization is bigger than the cost of public ownership, public ownership conforms to the standard and therefore, public ownership should be maintained; otherwise, within the allowable realm of the law, private ownership should be allowed.