政府规制的“成本—收益分析”:作用、内涵及其规制效应评估

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Government Regulation: Function,Connotation and Understanding of Regulation Effect

本文回顾了对成本收益分析的争议,对规制成本、规制收益的内涵进行了探讨,并就其中影响规制成本和收益构成的主要因素作了重点分析;随后,对影响净收益的基线的选择,折旧率大小的确定进行了阐述。本文还介绍了一般均衡分析和局部均衡分析在评估规制效应中的适用情况,并强调指出应高度关注规制动态性和激励性规制在规制效应分析中的作用。文章最后认为,应逐步引入成本—收益的规制分析理念,提高政府规制有效性;高度重视因成本收益不平衡分布引发的问题;积极采取措施,降低因规制引发的复杂性程度。

Firstly, disputes about cost-benefit analysis are reviewed and connotations of regulation cost and regulation benefit are analyzed thoroughly. Secondly, main component factors influencing regulation cost and benefit are researched. For the most important, Selection of baseline and determination of sizes of discount rates must be dear defined so that cost and benefit are comparable. Thirdly, different applicable conditions of general equilibrium analysis and partial equilibrium analysis are introduced for estimation of regulation effects, and great attention should be paid to function of regulation dynamic characters and incentive regulation. At last, some suggestions are supplied.