城市化进程中的若干节点及制度解构

The Important Points in the Process of Urbanization and System Deconstruction

改革开放后,我国城镇化进程中农地的非农化呈现出一种反时序化配置的特征,即城市空间过度扩张、劳动力转移滞缓、对传统农业的现代化改造人为低估的非平衡发展,从而导致农地的过快非农化和人地压力的增加。国家偏向化的发展战略形成了农村资源依赖,"上收财权,下放事权"的分税制改革所导致的财政困境激励了对土地的非农化配置,农业脆弱、农民贫困和对土地依赖的交互影响造成了农村劳动力转移不畅的退出障碍。三种因素的共同作用促成了农地非农化反时序配置的特征。

During the urbanization after reform and opening up in China, cities focus on the expansion of space, ignoring the rural labor migration and neglecting the modernization of traditional agriculture, so that, the agricultural land conversion appears a anti-timing allocation, and the excessive farm land conversion increases enormous pressure on land protection. It is caused by three factors：National partial development strategy have brought dependence on squeezing rural resources. Local government＇s financial difficulties result in the incentive of capturing profits from non-agricultural land development license, because China^s financial reform of the tax system is not completely successful, the tax rights are not given to local governments correspondingly when the expenditure is transferred to them from the central government, which consequently causes a financial difficulty for them. At last, less developed agriculture and farmer＇s poverty give rise to barriers of rural labor migration, which poor farms don＇t give up their lands though they work in non-agricultural industries mostly.