生活垃圾焚烧发电项目对大气环境的影响及对策分析

Power Generation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Influence on Atmospheric Environment and Countermeasure Analysis

针对广受关注的生活垃圾焚烧发电项目中典型大气污染物二恶英类、恶臭、烟尘等污染物产生和迁移扩散,通过模拟计算,在采取有效焚烧过程控制以及烟气净化措施的正常工况下,污染物可以达标排放。事故排放时,二恶英类模拟计算最大落地浓度均低于日本推荐的环境质量指标0.6 pg TEQ/m3限值,日经呼吸进入人体的摄入量仅占每日允许摄入量的28.9%,可接受。TSP的最大落地浓度为9.298 707 mg/m3,高于环境空气质量二级标准值30倍。非正常工况下,厂界处H2S、NH3最大地面浓度分别是0.000 098 84 mg/m3和0.003 563 83 mg/m3,满足标准排放限值要求。垃圾焚烧各环节采取有效污染控制措施、加强管理并设定卫生防护距离,保证实现恶臭、二恶英、烟尘污染物的达标排放,降低污染发生概率。

Aiming at the generation and migration-diffusion of widely concerned pollutants, such as dioxins, rancidity, and dust in the municipal solid waste incineration, the pollutants could reach the standard by adopting the effective incineration process control and flue gas purification measures through numerical simulation. The dioxins maximum ground concentration were also lower than Japan＇s environment quality index 0. 6 pgTEQ/m^3. It was acceptable that days breathe was only 28.9% of the acceptable daily. The maximum ground concentration of TSP was 9.298 707 mg/m^3, which was higher than the ambient air quality secondary standard 30 times. Under non-normal operating condition, he maximum ground surface concentration of H2S,NH3 was 0.000 098 84 mg/m^3 and 0. 003 563 83 mg/m^3, which are meet with the standard emission limits requirement. Adopting effective pollution control measures, strengthening management and setting the distance for health protection can ensure the realization of discharge standards about stench, dioxins, smoke and dust, which could reduce the probability of occurrence of pollutants in the waste combustion.