一致的先前知识对类别学习影响机制探讨

The Effects of Consistent Prior Knowledge on Category Learning

探讨一致的先前知识对类别学习的影响,包括2个实验。被试是112名大学生,分别探讨不同实验任务和不同项目呈现时间引发的机械特征在类别学习中的重要程度和加工程度不同的情况下先前知识对类别学习的影响。结果表明:(1)在实验任务为项目类别归属判断任务时,机械特征重要程度低,主题特征与机械特征在学习上存在竞争关系;在实验任务为项目类别归属及记忆任务时,机械特征重要程度高,主题特征与机械特征在学习上存在促进关系。(2)在限制步速呈现项目时,机械特征加工程度低,主题特征与机械特征在学习上存在竞争关系;而在自定步速呈现项目时,机械特征加工程度高,主题特征与机械特征在学习上不存在竞争关系。

The study examined the effects of consistent prior knowledge on category learning by 2 experiments. Participants in the research consisted of 112 students. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 studied how consistent prior knowledge affected category learning in different tasks and under displaying time conditions. The results show that （1） when the task is to judge what category the items belong to, the theme features and the rote features will be in competition. When the task is to judge category and memory work, the theme features and the rote features will be in facilitation; （2） When the displaying time is restricted, the theme features and the rote features will ,be in competition. When the subjects can manipulate the displaying time by themselves, the theme features and the rote features will ＇be in facilitation.