飞行员动态空间表征建构的策略研究

A Study on Pilots' Strategy of Constructing Dynamic Spatial Representation

运用动态视觉空间工作记忆任务探讨了飞行员和对照组的动态空间表征的建构特征。从两个方面考察策略运用:(1)在客体运动轨迹表征反应选择项上,根据客体运动轨迹的几何特征将选择项设置为整体型策略和局部型策略;(2)有关策略运用的问卷测试。结果发现,在完成运动轨迹的动态工作记忆时,飞行员更多采用整体策略,控制组更多采用局部。结果提示具有较高空间能力的飞行员在合并运动刺激元素、整合客体表征转化为整体表征时具有优势。最后提出"延时动态空间表征"表达运动客体运动轨迹表征,其空间构型依赖于一段时间的客体运动特性的积累。

To test pilots＇ working memory in the dynamic visual space, Ball Flight Task （BFT） was adopted to investigate the construction characteristics of the dynamic spatial representation of a group of airlines pilots and the control group. The strategy was investigated in the following two aspects： （1） In terms of the response selection items of object motion trajectory representation, selection items could be divided into global strategy and partial strategy according to the geometric features of object motion trajectory; （2） Questionnaire Testing concerning the strategy application was implemented. The results indicated that during the dynamic working memory of motion trajectory, pilots preferred the global strategy, while the control group preferred the partial and fragmental strategies. Furthermore, the results indicated that pilots with relatively high spatial abilities were not only good at combining the motion stimulus elements, but also at integrating object representation and transforming it into global representation. Finally, A brand-new concept entitled ＂postponed dynamic spatial representation＂ was put forward to show the individuals＇ global mastery over the motion trajectory representation of the moving objects. Its spatial configuration depended on the accumulation of the characteristics of object movement over a period of time,