序列统计结构对内隐序列学习发展的影响

The Influence of the Statistical Structure on the Development of Implicit Sequence Learning

采用序列学习研究范式,考察小三到大三学生内隐序列学习的发展规律及制约因素。结果表明:(1)各年龄组被试均能在序列学习中获得序列规则;(2)不同年龄组被试序列反应时存在显著差异,说明内隐序列学习从小三到大三之间一直存在发展变化;(3)被试在高统计结构下的反应时要低于低统计结构下的,且这种差异不存在发展变化,说明高统计结构下的内隐学习成绩要好于低统计结构下的;(4)外显被试的量随年龄增长而增加,说明对序列学习的有意识加工能力随年龄增长而提高。

Adopting the sequence learning paradigm, this research examined the development and the influencing factors of implicit sequence learning from grade three students in primary school to junior students at college. The findings show that（ 1 ） Participants of different ages can learn sequence rules in sequence learning; （2）There is a significant difference of serial reaction time among the four groups of participants, an proof that age difference exists in implicit sequence learning; （3） The participants＇ reaction time in the high- statistical structure is lower than that of the low-statistical structure, the performance in the high-statistieal structure is superior to the low-statistical structure; there is no significant age difference. （4） The number of explicit participants increases with age, which mdicates that the ability of conscious processing in implicit learning improves with age.