场独立--场依存型认知风格与内隐、外显记忆关系的实验研究

The Relationship Between Cognitive Style and Implicit/Explicit Memory

采用Jacoby加工分离程序,以无意义音节字母串为材料,对场依存型、场独立型和中间型被试的内隐、外显记忆进行分离,考察不同认知风格类型的个体,在加工信息过程中,对与其认知风格类型匹配或不匹配的材料的编码和提取上是否存在不同的方式和策略。结果表明:1)场依存型个体的意识性提取成绩好于场独立型个体,场依存型个体的外显记忆好于场独立型个体。2)场独立型个体的自动提取成绩高于场依存型个体的成绩,场独立型个体的内隐记忆好于场依存型个体。3)无论在意识性提取还是自动提取方面,中间类型个体的成绩总是介于场依存型个体与场独立型个体之间。

With the experimental materials of nonsense syllable clusters and by separating the implicit memory and explicit memory of field independence, field dependence and neutral style, this study employed Jacoby＇ s process dissociation procedure to find if individuals of different cognitive styles, in the course of processing information, have different approaches and strategies when coding and retreating materials which match or do not match their cognitive styles. The results reveal that 1 ） field independence individuals do a better job than field dependent ones in recollection, that is to say, the explicit memory of field independent individuals is better than that of field dependent ones;2） field dependent individuals do a better job than the field independent ones in automaticity, that is to say, the implicit memory of field dependent individuals is better than that of field independent ones. 3） In both cases of recollection and automaticity, the result of neutral-style individuals is always between that of field independent individuals and that of field dependent ones.